Running is beneficial for general health, and while some runners train to compete in race situations, more runners are recreational who run mainly for fitness... MORE, Chris Mallac investigates the causes, diagnosis, and management of navicular stress fractures in athletes. Those that fail to respond may be candidates for various surgical options.       - The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging scanning and its influence on management decisions in knee surgery. Baring soles: Why athletes should ditch the shoes for... Running injuries: the art and science of prediction, Navicular stress fracture: a high-impact risk for young athletes, Fractures of the Proximal 5th Metatarsal in Athletes.                line which indicates a meniscal tear); The articulation of the talar dome and the trochlear surface (tibia and fibula) supports the weight of the body. In some instances, the torn cartilage may also contain a bone fragment which can be of different sizes and depth. Regaining passive range of motion into dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The larger fragments are more likely to … Mintz et al. J Bone and Joint Surgery. A prospective study, Evaluation of cartilage defects in the knee: validity of clinical, magnetic-resonance-imaging and radiological findings compared with arthroscopy, mosaicplasty and cartilage transplants for chrondral injuries, enhanced microfracture with autolgous hamstring resurfacing, role of allografts in repairing chondral defects. An experimental study in dogs.  Most injuries occur due to training errors, such as too much chronic load or increasing acute load too rapidly(1). StageFeatures/definition They usually present later after the soft tissue injury to the ligaments has healed. However, once they start to increase the impact loading on the ankle, the signs and symptoms become more prevalent. The estimated incidence of fifth MET fracture is 1.8 per 1000 person-years(3,4), and 68%... MORE, Andrew Hamilton looks at recent evidence suggesting that fascial tissue damage may play a significant role in muscle strain injury, and the potential implications for clinicians treating these kinds of injuries in athletes. Stage IIA: Cystic lesion with communication to the talar dome surface. 1999;20(12):789–93. The biological effect of continuous passive motion on the healing of full-thickness defects in articular cartilage. In elite sports, the sports medicine team consults and determines the exact length of time to be either non-weight-bearing or protected weight-bearing based on the degree of soft tissue injury and the presence of an OLT. To prevent degenerative joint disease, prompt treatment of osteochondral lesions of the knee or talus is recommended [ 5 , 6 ]. Most OLTs occur in either the central middle or lateral middle part of the talus (80%)(8). However, X-rays generally have a low sensitivity for picking up OLT unless a definitive displacement is present(14); therefore MRI is preferred. IVA loose non-displaced osteochondral fragment Osteochondral injury staging system for MRI attempts to grade the stability and severity of osteochondral injury and is used to plan management. The MRI modification of the Outerbridge classification incorporates depth of the lesion from the articular surface.     - pediatric OCD: steochondritis dessicans  [ 15] A     - rotational forces in direct trauma is the most common cause of injury to the articular cartilage; Muscle strain injury: time to consider the fascia? Osteochondrodysplasia is a general term for a disorder of the development (dysplasia) of bone ("osteo") and cartilage ("chondro"). The defects cause deep ankle pain associated with weightbearing. Excision and curettage of the cartilage rim, with packing of particulate juvenile cartilage. Data Trace is the publisher of                  - disadvantages: there may be a lack of integration of the repair tissue with the normal adjacent cartilage; The majority of classification studies have compared MRI with arthroscopic findings to allow the clinician to classify the severity of the OLT based on MRI findings (see classification below).       - Evaluation of cartilage defects in the knee: validity of clinical, magnetic-resonance-imaging and radiological findings compared with arthroscopy     - in adults, the tidemark zone is the weak link between the overlying cartilage and subchondral Mechanical symptoms such as catching and locking. An ankle sprain due to rotational forces likely causes OLT injuries. Activity levels are higher after osteochondral autograft transfer mosaicplasty than after microfracture for articular cartilage defects of the knee: a retrospective comparative study. Ann Biomechanical Eng.     - articular steroid injection Fixation of the osteochondral fragment (usually anterolateral fragments). osteochondral injury; - injury is mostly in wt bearing regions of articular cartilage, and usually in medial compartment (4 times more common that lateral injuries); - classification - pediatric OCD: steochondritis dessicans . osteochondral injury; - injury is mostly in wt bearing regions of articular cartilage, and usually in medial compartment (4 times more common that lateral injuries); - classification - pediatric OCD: steochondritis dessicans . In addition, several MRI classifications have been proposed for grading osteochondral lesions. 4.     - however, similar symptoms are found in extensor mech injuries; and meniscal injuries Strengthening of muscles that perform ankle plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, eversion, and inversion. Therefore, they are more than likely to be initially non-weight bearing, and thus unloading a potentially damaged talar dome cartilage. The repair of osteochondral defects using an exogenous fibrin clot. 1995. The biological effect of continuous passive motion on the healing of full-thickness defects in articular cartilage. Muscle strain injuries frequently occur in athletes. 1959. FIGURE 3 Ferkel and Sgaglione’s CT classification of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Osteochondral defect is a broad term that describes the morphological change of a localised gap in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone 5. Of skeletal dysplasia, oblique views, mortise views in full plantar.... Usually immediate candidates for various surgical options fibrin clot a crucial diagnostic feature ) may initially go undetected may... By the progression of the injury ( e.g of clinically suspected lesion with negative radiographs advanced. 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